COVID-19 vaccines were developed rapidly to respond to an unprecedented global health emergency. Thanks to extraordinary investments, international collaborations, and technologies already under development for years, effective and safe vaccines were quickly developed, authorized by major regulatory agencies such as the EMA and the FDA after rigorous scientific evaluations.
There are various types of COVID-19 vaccines, including mRNA, viral vector, and inactivated virus. mRNA vaccines, such as those from Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, use a portion of genetic material to instruct cells to produce a virus protein, thus stimulating an immune response. Other vaccines use rendered harmless viruses or modified viral vectors to achieve the same result.
The primary goal of vaccination has been to reduce the risk of severe disease, hospitalizations, and deaths. Numerous studies have shown that COVID-19 vaccines have had a significant impact in containing the pressure on healthcare systems, especially during the most critical phases of the pandemic. Not all of the scientific community, however, agrees with this narrative.
Like all medications, COVID-19 vaccines can cause side effects, generally mild and temporary. Nearly five years later, data analysis now allows us to more precisely delineate possible side effects, reiterating the importance of constant monitoring and new research to ensure maximum patient safety.
Following constant monitoring through pharmacovigilance systems active worldwide, serious adverse events have consistently emerged over the years. A new study focused on side effects has shed light on persistent symptoms. The number is reportedly steadily increasing: full details are on the second page.
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